Methodology

News and explainers

We begin with primary documents whenever practical: regulator releases, central-bank publications, economic data, company filings, and official product documentation. Reputable reporting can identify a development, but our article must add original context, calculations, risk framing, or practical questions rather than reproduce another outlet.

Calculators

Calculator pages disclose inputs, assumptions, formulas or methodology, limitations, and examples. Results are deterministic estimates generated in the reader’s browser. They do not account for every tax rule, fee, underwriting standard, market path, or personal circumstance.

AI investing tools

We examine price, claimed performance, benchmark, measurement period, drawdowns when available, paper-versus-live status, trading costs, conflicts, and independently verifiable evidence. Marketing claims are not treated as audited results.

Images and automation

Original editorial illustrations may be generated with AI and are reviewed to avoid fake text, logos, official seals, artifacts, or misleading documentary presentation.